Method and apparatus for providing virtual machine information to a network interface

ABSTRACT

A hypervisor preferably provides VM identification, priority and LUN/LBA range information to the HBA when a VM is created. Alternatively, the HBA can determine that a LUN/LBA range is new and request VM identity, priority and LUN/LBA range from the hypervisor. The HBA creates a table containing the VM identification, priority and LUN/LBA range. The HBA then detects operations directed to the LUN/LBA range and does a lookup to determine VM identification and priority. VM identification and priority are then mapped into a field in a frame using a unique identifier. The unique identifier can either be placed using reserved bits on the existing Fiber Channel (FC) header or can use bits in an additional header, such as a modified IFR header.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/228,127 entitled “VirtualMachine Identification in Packets Transmitted over a Network,” filedJul. 23, 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/838,627, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Determining the Identityof a Virtual Machine,” filed concurrently herewith and by the sameinventors, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to storage area networks.Particularly, the present invention relates to operation of storage areanetworks with attached hosts running virtualization software and havinga plurality of virtual machines.

2. Description of the Related Art

Virtual machines (VMs) are being used in increasing numbers in networks.They are advantageous because they maximize the use of the hardwareresources in the network, particularly the host or server hardware.However, the use of virtual machines presents problems when the hostmachine is connected to a storage area network (SAN). For a number ofreasons it is desirable to have visibility of the particular virtualmachines in the various hosts on the SAN. These reasons includesimplified management through the use of a single management tool, costback charging relating to resource use and improved quality of service(QoS) or prioritization of the communications for given VMs.

Current VM hypervisors do not readily provide this capability. Forexample, in VMware, the VMs can be separately identified on the SAN ifthey use the NPIV features provided by the host bus adaptors (HBAs). Butto use NPIV, the VM must be setup to use raw device mapping (RDM) of thehypervisor. This results in management difficulties in both thehypervisor and on the SAN. On the SAN, zoning becomes very complicatedas each VM must be operated on individually. Similarly, SAN QoS is alsomore difficult to manage because of the individual nature of the VMs andtheir NPIV addresses.

VMware ESX, the prevalent hypervisor, provides an alternate techniquereferred to as VMFS or virtual machine file system. It is much easier toadminister VMs when VMFS is used, so the majority of serveradministrators would prefer to utilize VMFS. But VMFS does not allowidentification on the SAN of the individual VMs. Currently NPIV cannotbe used, even with its attendant SAN management issues. So the inabilityto manage, charge back and so on has limited the use of hypervisorsusing VMFS operation on the SAN.

Similar issues are present with Hyper-V from Microsoft and its clusteredshared volume (CSV) file system and XenServer from Citrix with theControl Domain and Storage Repositories.

As VMFS or CSV, depending on the hypervisor, is the greatly preferredtechnique for providing storage resources in a hypervisor, it would bedesirable to be able to better operate with VMFS or CSV-based systems ona SAN.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According the embodiments of the present invention, the hypervisorpreferably provides VM identification, priority and LUN/LBA rangeinformation to the HBA or network interface when a VM is created andprovides VM identification at the beginning of each new command.Alternatively, the HBA or network interface can determine that a VM orLUN/LBA range is new and request VM identity, priority and LUN/LBA rangefrom the hypervisor. The HBA creates a table containing the VMidentification, priority and LUN/LBA range. The HBA then detectsoperations directed to the VM or LUN/LBA range and does a lookup todetermine priority. VM identification and priority are then mapped intoa field in a frame using a unique identifier. The unique identifier caneither be placed using reserved bits on the existing Fibre Channel (FC)header or can use bits in an additional header, such as a modified IFRheader. With the unique identifier in the frame, fabric wide handling ofthe frames for QoS is greatly simplified as the unique identifier can bedirectly mapped to SLAs and priority levels. Additionally, statisticsbased on the frames can also readily be developed based on particularVMs to allow greatly improved chargeback mechanisms and the like.Further, the presence of the unique identifier allows improvedmanagement of the SAN as operations can be traced back directly toindividual VMs, not just physical hosts, for operations such as zoningand access control

The unique identifier can also be used in the storage devices. Oneparticular use is to incorporate the VM instance into the cachingalgorithm, with per VM caching, not just per host caching.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention has other advantages and features which will bemore readily apparent from the following detailed description of theinvention and the appended claims, when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a storage area network with various connected virtualmachines and storage units according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2A illustrates a software stack for use with an HBA according to anembodiment of the present invention, with connection to an FC SAN and astorage unit included.

FIG. 2B illustrates a software stack for use with an iSCSI or Ethernetnetwork interface card according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, with connection to an iSCSI SAN and a storage unit included.

FIG. 2C illustrates a software stack for use with an FCoE convergednetwork adaptor according to an embodiment of the present invention,with connection to an FCoE SAN and a storage unit included.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of operations when a VM is createdaccording to an embodiment the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates storage software operations when a new SCSI commandis received according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of HBA operations according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a Fibre Channel packet header according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a Fibre Channel packet header according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram of an iSCSI packet according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an FCoE packet according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a storage area network (SAN) 100.A host 102 is connected by a link 104 to a network 106. Similarly a host108 is connected by a link 110 to the fabric 106. A storage unit 110 isconnected by a link 112 to the fabric 106, while a storage unit 114 isconnected by a link 116 to the fabric 106. A series of three switches118, 120, 122 form the illustrated fabric 106. The link 104 is connectedto switch 118, the link 110 is connected to switch 120, the link 112 isconnected to switch 122 and the link 116 is connected to switch 120.Each of the switches 118, 120, 122 are interconnected by links 124, 126and 128.

The host 102 includes a hypervisor 130 which executes a virtual machinefile system (VMFS) 132. A series of virtual machines in VM₁-VM₄ 134-140execute on top of the VMFS 132. Similarly the host 108 includes ahypervisor 142, a VMFS 144 and virtual machines VM₅-VM₈ 146-152.

Illustrated in FIG. 1 is a path 160 from VM₂ 136 to storage unit 110.This path 160, indicated by the long dashed line, traverses the VMFS 132to the hypervisor 130, the link 104, the switch 118, the link 128, theswitch 122 and the link 112. VM₃ 138 has a similar path 162 to storageunit 110. VM₄ 140 has a path 164 which traverses the VMFS 132, thehypervisor 130, the link 140, the switch 118, the link 124, the switch120 and the link 116 to reach storage unit 114. The VM₅ 146 has a path166 which traverses the VMFS 144, the hypervisor 142, the link 110, theswitch 120 and the link 116 to the storage unit 114.

Packets or frames, the terms being used synonymously in thisdescription, of VM₂ 136 and VM₃ 138 travel identical routes to thestorage unit 110, so it is very difficult to determine which packetswere related to which path and therefore it is very difficult toprioritize the two sets of packets differently. VM₄ 140 in the host 102and VM₅ 146 in the host 108 use different routes to contact storage unit114 and would have different source addresses, but if VM₄ 140 weretransferred to host 108 using VMotion, then the paths would align andthe same difficulty would appear as with VM₂ 136 and VM₃ 138.

FIG. 2A illustrates the software stack of a host 200A executing ahypervisor, such as VMware ESX₂ which is connected to host bus adapter(HBA) hardware 202, the hardware portion of the exemplary networkinterface, which in turn is connected to a Fibre Channel (FC) SAN 204,which is also connected to a storage unit 206. The host 200A includesthe VM 208A, VM₂ 210A and VM₃ 212A. Each virtual machine 208A, 210A and212A includes a guest operating system (OS) 214A and a SCSI driver 216A.The SCSI driver 216A is connected to a SCSI virtualization layer 218Aprovided by the hypervisor present in the host 200A. The SCSIvirtualization layer 218A is connected to the VMFS 220A, which is thevirtualization storage layer. The VMFS 220A is connected to an FCPdriver 222A to convert the SCSI commands to the FC FCP commands. The FCPdriver 222A is connected to an HBA driver 224, the software portion ofthe exemplary network interface, which is also connected to the HBAhardware 202. The HBA driver 224 receives the FCP packets and blocksfrom the FCP driver 222A and interacts with the HBA hardware 202 toprovide packets to the FC San 204 for delivery to the storage unit 206.The HBA driver 224 includes an HBA API 226, while the hypervisorprovides a hypervisor storage API 228.

In FIG. 2B a host 200B executing a hypervisor which is operating with anSCSI/network interface card (NIC) hardware 230, which in turn isconnected to an iSCSI SAN 232, which is connected to the storage unit206. Elements and items similar to those shown in FIG. 2A receive thesame numbering with the addition of the letter B. Thus VMFS 220B isconnected to an iSCSI driver 234. The iSCSI driver 234 includes an iSCSIAPI 236 which operates similarly to the HBA API 226.

In FIG. 2C a host 200C executing a hypervisor is connected to convergednetwork adapter (CNA) hardware 238, which is connected to a FibreChannel over Ethernet (FCoE) SAN 240, which is connected to the storageunit 206. Similar elements in FIG. 2C to those of FIG. 2A are numberedsimilarly and end with the letter C. The VMFS layer 220C is connected toan FCP driver 222C, with the FCP driver 222C connected to a CNA driver242. The CNA driver 242 is connected to the CNA hardware 238. The CNAdriver 244 includes an FCoE API 244 which operates similarly to the HBAAPI 226.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart for obtaining desired VM information whenthe VM is created. In step 302 a user or administrator requests a new VMbe set up according to the techniques for the particular hypervisor.This description will focus on VMware ESX, but it is understand thatother hypervisors, such as Microsoft Hyper-V and the like, can replaceESX. The hypervisor requests various information from the user to set upthe VM, such as identification, priority, disk type and disk size. ForESX, the disk type can be RDM or VMFS. Of importance in this descriptionis the use of VMFS as the disk type, for reasons discussed above. ForHyper-V the equivalent is CSV. The identification can be a single valuerepresenting just the particular VM or can be multiple values, such as agroup value and an individual value. The use of a group value allowsmanagement of a plurality of VMs directly as a group, without the needto combine VMs with a management tool. The priority can be a value suchas high, medium or low. ESX then provides the identification, priorityand LUN/LBA range to the HBA driver 224 for the particular HBA 202 usingthe HBA API 226. The HBA driver 224 then loads this information into atable. The table forms the basis for detection of the particular VM incommands provided to the HBA 202 and includes other values such as S_IDand D_ID of the various relevant units.

In FIG. 4 at step 402 the VMFS 220A receives a SCSI command providedfrom the guest operating system 214A through the SCSI driver 216A andthe SCSI virtualization layer 218A. In step 404 the VMFS 220A determinesif virtual machine identification is needed to be provided in the SCSIcommand. If so, control proceeds to step 406 where the VMFS 220A placesVM identification values in either the SCSI CDB or an extended CDB. Ifno identification is needed or used, as done in selected embodiments, orafter the VM identification has been provided in step 406, controlproceeds to step 408 where the VMFS 220A provides the SCSI CDB to theFCP driver 222A.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of the HBA 202 determining the VM for aparticular frame and then loading a unique identifier into the frame foruse in the remainder of the fabric. In step 502 the HBA 202 snoops thereceived command, typically an FCP command, for the command type, VMidentification value, LUN and LBA range. In step 504 the HBA 202compares any detected VM identification information to the table builtusing step 306. If there is a miss, indicating either a new VM or thatthe VMFS 220 has not added VM identifiable values, as can be the case inselected embodiments, control proceeds to step 506 to compare the LUNand LBA values to the table. If there is a miss, indicating a newLUN/LBA, this is an indication that a new VM needs to be included in thetable. In that case, in step 508 the HBA driver 224 queries the ESXthrough the hypervisor storage API 228 to obtain the VM identification,priority and LUN/LBA range. The returned values are loaded into thetable. This operation can be done in parallel with dropping or rejectingthe received command to allow time to do the query and set up the tableentry. This will not be a significant performance delay because thefirst command will typically be a command such as an inquiry, a commandwhich has a longer response time, thus reducing the practicalperformance degradation. Further, it will only have to be done once perVM, as the table entry will be used in all later operations. If the VMwas identified, the LUN/LBA are known or after step 508, in step 510 thetable is used to map to a unique identifier and the priority informationdeveloped for this particular VM. In step 512 that unique identifier andany additional priority information are placed into the frame builtusing the received FCP command. In one embodiment the unique identifieris placed in reserved bits in the CS_CTL field of the FC header, asshown in FIG. 6. However, this is a limited number of bits, so thenumber of unique identifiers is smaller than generally desired. Thisembodiment does have the advantage of not adding any bits or headers toframes. In a second embodiment a modified IFR or interfabric routerheader as defined in the FC_IFR specification is pre-pended to theframe, as shown in FIG. 7. As the IFR header is a standard frame header,processing is currently being done with those headers. One option is tocombine the unique identifier and the fabric ID in a fabric ID field,SF_ID or DF_ID or both fabric ID fields. This will allow significantlymore bits to be available for the unique identifier as the fabric IDvalues are usually only a limited number of bits. If necessary, a newR_CTL value, such as 53 h, can be used to identify the frame. Othervariations can also be used. In step 514 the frame is placed in theproper queue in the HBA 202 and transmitted to the fabric 204.Preferably the HBA 202 includes various queues used for QoS reasons, sothe frame can be processed and handled correctly from the beginning.

Return frames from the storage unit 206 can be developed at least twodifferent ways. First, the storage unit 206 can include an HBA similarto HBA 202 in that it can provide the unique identifier in any returnframes. The storage unit HBA stores the unique identifier information inits context tables and builds the proper frame structure to allow theinclusion of the unique identifier. Second, if the storage unit cannotprovide the unique identifier, the switches that form the FC SAN 204 canmonitor for return frames having a D_ID and OXID that match the S_ID andOXID of the frames that included the unique identifier. Upon detectingthe D_ID and OXID match for a frame that does not include the uniqueidentifier, the switch can then reformat the frame to include the uniqueidentifier. This allows the various operations to be done on both flowdirections.

An alternative to the HBA 202 doing the command snooping and theplacement of the unique identifier in the frame is to have the snoopingand unique identifier insertion done by the switch connected to the HBA202. The switch needs to receive the VM identification, priority andLUN/LBA range to allow the snooping of received frames. The snooping ismuch like that done by the HBA 202 in step 502 except that it is done onthe normal frames provided by the HBA 202. In one variation the VMidentification, priority and LUN/LBA range are provided from the HBA 202to the switch in command packets, so that the HBA 202 retains theinterface with the VM. In this case the switch will also communicatewith the HBA 202 to request the VM identification, priority and LUN/LBArange for frames that miss the table in the switch. The HBA 202 will dothe query described above and provide the information to the switch.This variation minimizes the work being performed in the HBA 202 to justthe simple interfaces with the VM and leaves the snooping and framedevelopment to the more powerful switch. A second variation has thehypervisor providing the VM identification, priority and LUN/LBA rangedirectly to the switch. In this variation the APIs are effectivelybetween the switch and the hypervisor, not the HBA 202 and the VMFS.This is less desirable as new commands and the like have to be developedfor both the hypervisor and the switches. A third variation has thehypervisor and the switch cooperating with a management entity, whicheffectively has the APIs shown in the HBA of FIG. 2A. This is simplerthan the second variation as the interfaces will be more easilydeveloped, but will require the constant operation of the managemententity.

The frame provided to the fabric includes the unique identifier of theVM. The various devices in the fabric can examine the frame to determinethe unique identifier and use that as an entry into tables which definethe priority and handling of the frame. This information is providedacross the fabric using a management tool which can select a VM from theinformation present in the HBA 202 and then propagate necessary priorityand handling information appropriate for each device in the fabric tothose devices. Thus the user or administrator need only use onemanagement tool to track the VM through the SAN 204 and then obtaindesired information, such as traffic information used for charging backto the proper department. The management tool will also be able tosimply define the SLA of the VM and set the priority and handling of theframes across the fabric accordingly. And it is noted that all of thisis done with the hypervisor using a file system such as VMFS which doesnot readily provide information about the VMs to the HBA. It is alsonoted that no changes need to be made to modules such as VMFS. Theminimal operation uses an API from the HBA driver 224 back into thehypervisor via the hypervisor storage API 228, with the preferredoperation also including the hypervisor proactively providing VMinformation to the HBA driver 224 on VM creation or modification.

While the above description has focused on operations using the FC HBA202, similar operations occur with iSCSI and FCoE variations, with theiSCSI driver 234 and iSCSI/NIC hardware 230 or CNA driver 242 and CNAhardware 238 being substituted for the HBA driver 224 and HBA hardware202. Similarly, switch operations for the embodiments would be done bythe Ethernet switches forming the iSCSI SAN 232 or FCoE SAN 240. IniSCSI frames, the unique identifier can be placed in a new tag similarto a VLAN tag as shown in FIG. 8, or at some possible location in theframe. In FCoE frames, the unique identifier can be placed in the FCframe as described above as shown in FIG. 9.

Various fabric level operations can be performed using the uniqueidentification value representing the VM provided in the frames. Theseinclude quality of service (QoS); encryption and/or compression by VM;zoning; access control; migration of VMs between hosts in the same ordifferent data centers, fabrics or network clouds (and other VMotionaspects); improved statistics by VM and federated management of the SAN.

The following U.S. patents or applications are incorporated by referenceto provide further details relating to QoS usage of the VMs: U.S. Pat.No. 7,239,641, entitled “QUALITY OF SERVICE USING VIRTUAL CHANNELTRANSLATION; U.S. Pat. No. 7,426,561, entitled CONFIGURABLE ASSIGNMENTSOF WEIGHTS FOR EFFICIENT NETWORK ROUTING”; Ser. No. 11/782,894 filedJul. 25, 2007, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMININGBANDWIDTH-CONSUMING FRAME FLOWS IN A NETWORK;” Ser. No. 11/674,637,filed Feb. 13, 2007, entitled “QUALITY OF SERVICE USING VIRTUAL CHANNELTRANSLATION;” Ser. No. 12/119,440, filed May 12, 2008, entitled“AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF LOGICAL CHANNELS IN A FIBRE CHANNEL NETWORK;”Ser. No. 12/119,436, filed May 12, 2008, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FORFACILITATING APPLICATION-ORIENTED QUALITY OF SERVICE IN A FIBRE CHANNELNETWORK;” Ser. No. 12/119,448, filed May 12, 2008, entitled “METHOD ANDSYSTEM FOR CONGESTION MANAGEMENT IN A FIBRE CHANNEL NETWORK;” Ser. No.12/119,457, filed May 12, 2008, entitled “WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT WITHNETWORK DYNAMICS;” and Ser. No. 12/119,430, filed May 12, 2008, entitled“METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FACILITATING QUALITY OF SERVICE IN EDGE DEVICESIN A FIBRE CHANNEL NETWORK.”

The following U.S. patent is incorporated by reference to providefurther details relating to encryption and/or compression usage of theVMs: U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,256, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FORENCRYPTION OF DATA ON STORAGE UNITS USING DEVICES INSIDE A STORAGE AREANETWORK FABRIC.”

The following U.S. patents or applications are incorporated by referenceto provide further details relating to zoning usage of the VMs: U.S.Pat. No. 7,366,194, entitled “FIBRE CHANNEL ZONING BY LOGICAL UNITNUMBER IN HARDWARE” and U.S. Pat. No. 7,352,740, entitled “EXTENT-BASEDFIBRE CHANNEL ZONING IN HARDWARE.”

The following U.S. application is incorporated by reference to providefurther details relating to migration and VMotion usage of the VMs: Ser.No. 10/356,659, filed, Jan. 31, 2003, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FORPROVIDING VIRTUAL PORTS WITH ATTACHED VIRTUAL DEVICES IN A STORAGE AREANETWORK.”

The knowledge of the VMs provided in the frames can also be used by thestorage devices connected to the fabric. One common operation in astorage device is caching of data. By detecting the VMs based on theunique identifier in the frames, the caching algorithm employed in thestorage unit can be improved by breaking down to the VM level, ratherthan the S_ID or host address level as down today. A combination ofcaching algorithms could be used, some by address and some by VM. Thedetails of the caching could also be varied between VMs based onpriority values.

As discussed, VMware ESX is used as the described embodiment but variousother hypervisors can be used, such as Microsoft's Hyper-V with CSV,other variations of VMware products and other vendor products. Further,the preferred embodiment was discussed based on a FC SAN environment.Other SANs, such as iSCSI and FCoE can also be used, alone or incombinations as illustrated in FIGS. 2B and 2C, with appropriate changesto FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.

The above description is illustrative and not restrictive. Manyvariations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in theart upon review of this disclosure. The scope of the invention shouldtherefore be determined not with reference to the above description, butinstead with reference to the appended claims along with their fullscope of equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a host computer; anetwork interface connected to the host computer and for coupling to anetwork; and a hypervisor executing on the host computer, wherein thehypervisor: determines virtual machine (VM) information when a VM iscreated; and provides the VM information to the network interface whenthe VM information is determined, wherein network interface includes adriver which includes a driver application programming interface (API)and the hypervisor provides the VM information to the driver API of thenetwork interface, wherein the network interface incorporates a uniqueidentifier based on the VM information into outgoing frames to allow theframes to be identified with the VM throughout the network.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the network is a storage area network(SAN).
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SAN is an iSCSI SAN. 4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SAN is a Fibre Channel overEthernet (FCoE) SAN.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the SAN is aFibre Channel SAN.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the networkinterface is a host bus adaptor (HBA).
 7. The apparatus of claim 6,wherein the unique identifier is provided in the CS_CTL field of theFibre Channel frame header.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein theunique identifier is provided in a fabric identification field of aFibre Channel frame header.
 9. A method comprising: determining, by ahypervisor, virtual machine (VM) information when a VM is created; andproviding, by the hypervisor, the VM information to a network interface,the network interface for coupling to a network, when the VM informationis determined, wherein the hypervisor provides the VM information to adriver application programming interface (API) of the network interface,and incorporating, by the network interface, a unique identifier basedon the VM information into outgoing frames to allow the frames to beidentified with the VM throughout the network.
 10. The method of claim9, wherein the network is a storage area network (SAN).
 11. The methodof claim 10, wherein the SAN is an iSCSI SAN.
 12. The method of claim10, wherein the SAN is a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) SAN.
 13. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the SAN is a Fibre Channel SAN.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the network interface is a host bus adaptor(HBA).
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the unique identifier isprovided in the CS_CTL field of the Fibre Channel frame header.
 16. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the unique identifier is provided in afabric identification field of a Fibre Channel frame header.
 17. Anon-transitory computer readable medium or media storing instructionsexecuted by a processor or processors to perform a method, the methodcomprising: determining, by a hypervisor, virtual machine (VM)information when a VM is created; and providing, by the hypervisor, theVM information to a network interface, the network interface forcoupling to a network, when the VM information is determined, whereinthe hypervisor provides the VM information to a driver applicationprogramming interface (API) of the network interface, and incorporating,by the network interface, a unique identifier based on the VMinformation into outgoing frames to allow the frames to be identifiedwith the VM throughout the network.
 18. The non-transitory computerreadable medium or media of claim 17, wherein the network is a storagearea network (SAN).
 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium ormedia of claim 18, wherein the SAN is an iSCSI SAN.
 20. Thenon-transitory computer readable medium or media of claim 18, whereinthe SAN is a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) SAN.
 21. Thenon-transitory computer readable medium or media of claim 18, whereinthe SAN is a Fibre Channel SAN.
 22. The non-transitory computer readablemedium or media of claim 21, wherein the network interface is a host busadaptor (HBA).
 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium or mediaof claim 22, wherein the unique identifier is provided in the CS_CTLfield of the Fibre Channel frame header.
 24. The non-transitory computerreadable medium or media of claim 22, wherein the unique identifier isprovided in a fabric identification field of a Fibre Channel frameheader.